1. According to quality management systems (QMS) standards, one of the main tasks of the ISO 9000 is to meet the consumers’ needs but at the same time, it is also necessary to meet either the regulatory or statutory requirements related to goods (such as cooking oil) or services. Seven principles of quality management serve as the basis for the set of standards. In its turn, ISO 9000 deals with either these principles or other fundamentals of QMS. ISO 9001 includes a number of criteria that enterprises and companies should fulfill in order to meet the standard. There are a number of third-party certification institutions that are entitled to make independent verification of organizations compliance with the ISO 9001 specified requirements. The number of organizations that were independently certified totals more than 1 million worldwide. This fact allows saying that nowadays ISO 9001 is one of the leading management tools all over the world. Nevertheless, some critics prove that this process is unnecessary and wasteful for organizations.

 

 

 

​

​

​

​

​

​

2. All requirements related to a food safety management system are specified in the ISO 22000 international standard. The system is comprised of these constituents: a)system management b)HACCP principles c)interactive communication d)prerequisite programs A great number of scientists have conducted critical reviews regarding the above-mentioned elements. Communication is an indispensable element of the food chain. It allows ensuring that the process of products manufacturing is safe and all the necessary measures were taken. Moreover, such a technique allows controlling each step of the food chain. Either downstream or upstream organizations’ communication within the food chain is implied. Due to such communication, suppliers and customers can clarify the necessary requirements and control measures. It is important to recognize the position and role of the organization within the food chain in order to provide the end consumers with safe products.